¶ 1

How do we live together?

What are we living for?

Does architecture have any relevance in the answer to the question “How will we live together”?

How important is architecture for our lives?

How can we think together?

How do we question questions?

What is the value of our questions?

What is the value of our answers?

How do we answer questions?

Has uncertainty become our only certainty?

Is utopia outdated?

Can utopia be contextual?

Can architecture heal?

Why architecture?

To what extent is architecture necessary?

How do we find our voice?

¶ 2

When is the pandemic over?

How can cities and their population survive in the face of a permanent pandemic? 

How long can the human mind and spirit endure the virtualization of routine activities due to the pandemic?

How does this affect the perception of the architectural space?

What solutions can we provide to counter mental problems caused by confinement and social isolation?

How does the pandemic affect people’s spatial experience?

How will the perception of public space change due to the pandemic?

Are the assumptions about post-pandemic public space just a passing fad?

Has the pandemic changed our reality or only our perception?

Can we really obtain positive outcomes out of this crisis?

What new possibilities has the pandemic opened to architecture?

What reliable data do we have to know the implications of the changes in which ways we inhabit space due to the pandemic?

What practical solutions have architects been able to provide to date in the face of the pandemic?

¶ 3

What is unique in the way architects think?

What are our shared values?

What is the ethical role of architecture today?

To what extent did the 20th century architects contribute to our current problems?

How can ethics play a more present role in architecture?

Is the self-absorption of our profession responsible for our inaction?

Can architecture stop being a self-serving and self-indulging field?

How can we address accountability and ethics about what we build, what we have built and what we invest in in the future?

Is the individual’s need to be valued higher than the collective’s need when designing our built environment; in other words: how much are we, as architects, willing to compromise towards the society as a whole? 

How can the ego be removed from the discipline of architecture?

How can we as a profession overcome our delusions about architecture to regain an actual influence on the built environment? 

In which way is architecture discriminatory and excluding?

How can architecture be more egalitarian?

Can architecture contribute to equality and how?

Can architecture promote a democratic social environment?

How can we meaningfully involve a wider community into solving local problems?

Is democracy the ultimate goal of collaboration?

Which projects and commissions should we reject?

What are the ethics that architects should practice with regards to taking credit for work that does not belong to them fully?

Does nostalgia limit the evolution of the city?

Will city and nature be forever opponents?

Can architecture help to generate empathy?

¶ 4

What is architecture?

How do we talk and write about architecture?

What is the language of architecture?

Is it possible to find an accurate contemporary definition of architecture that incorporates the experiences and the extension of the concept in the 20th century?

What could architecture be?

What shift in values has to occur for architecture to maintain its relevance?

Can architecture be democratic or is it fundamentally a hierarchical system?

Is architecture a basic need?

What is the state of the architecture profession today and what is the role of the architect? 

Can anybody be an architect?

How to redefine the architectural practice in a context of economic decline? 

Does the dispersion of the discipline of architecture play against its stability?

Do we define our profession as a service or as part of traditional culture?

How can we define ourselves?

Has architecture changed its main focus from building to proposing?

Why does the public assume that architecture is just about building?

How can we change this perception?

Can building still be seen as the goal of architecture?

Can we still see the point of completion of a project as something special?

Is it possible to create architecture without creating physical space?

Does society understand the social role of the architect?

Is there male and female architecture?

What are the sources of architectural knowledge?

Does creativity express with liberty or is it strangled by trends?

Can architecture emerge over time just by changing the rhetoric around it, and what does that mean for designing architecture?

Is the built heritage about architecture or about history?

What are the possible intersections between architecture without architects and architecture as ‘high art’?

Is there national architecture and architects or rather a global architecture community with culturally and geographically specific problems and foci?

What is the impact of global changes on the built environment in developing countries?

Can’t we make architecture not as monuments but as a collection of small but striking creations?

What is next in architecture?

Whose practice or what theory best represents the future of architecture?

What are architecture’s main tools?

What impact will AI have on the field of architecture?

Is social media information good for architecture?

What will be the future of architecture in an ever changing world?

¶ 5

Why is doing architecture so hard, so painful, so disappointing, a constant fight against the world?

Should architecture focus on developing processes instead of searching for concrete answers?

What role can architects play in addressing complex and emergent problems we are facing today?

Do we still need to build so many buildings?

What issues can architecture actually help to solve?

How can we meaningfully contribute to society with architecture?

How can architecture become more relevant?

Can architecture build barriers against the free experience of space?

How is space used differently in a non-patriarchal society?

How to decolonize the architectural practice?

How can architecture contribute to decolonization theory?

Is the countryside a periphery or a center today?

How can we protect vernacular architecture and help to keep it from disappearing?

How can architecture help people to interact with each other?

What is the role of aesthetics in architecture in a context of scarcity?

If housing is to become a human right what are the implications for architecture?

How can architects genuinely help the underprivileged?

How would cities look like in a world of social and economic equality?

How can we build communities in our current state of social atomization?

How can architecture increase people’s freedom and autonomy?

What does the architect in the 21st century have to change to ensure a more sustainable future?

How can the past help to solve the most urgent problems we face today?

What will happen with the architecture we create today that does not provide economically sustainable and humanistic solutions?

What can the architectural community do to help in the endless migration crisis?

How does migration influence architecture and the city?

How can we get a realistic sense of the impact of constructing a building on society and the environment? 

Can architecture provide tools for energy security and resilience?

What kind of architecture can contribute to tackling the climate crisis?

Even if it sounds contradictory, is the issue of durability and sustainability still relevant in architecture considering that ‘the temporary’ is the prevailing condition of existence in our world today?

How does architecture adapt to complex environmental change?

Can architecture ever be truly sustainable in a capitalistic system?

Can architecture help to desire less?

What is the real and practical scope of sustainability in architecture, are we only doing green washing? 

Will we ever reach genuinely sustainable building technology?

Are we capable of compromising comfort in order to preserve the environment?

Will architecture in the future continue to develop objects or design sustainable systems instead?

How can architecture help to accomplish the global goal of carbon neutrality?

Can buildings effectively contribute to carbon capture?

How can architects contribute to develop a healthier relationship between human beings and nature?

Is degrowth and deglobalisation possible and what are the implications for architecture?

How can architects take action when injustice is all around us?

Will we ever distribute space in a fair way?

Is collaboration between different disciplines truly attainable? Or is it just an utopia?

How can we break down the barrier between research and design?

How can we eliminate the barriers between design and construction?

Is the future trans-, multi-, inter-, cross-disciplinary?

How can we end the abuse of architecture for politics and capital?

How can architects take influence in political decisions?

Can architecture be apolitical?

Is architecture adapting to the changing needs of society?

Is it possible to provide low-cost housing in developing countries while promoting smart cities?

Does the architect have a social responsibility in addition to his technical role in the development of projects?

¶ 6

What are we teaching future generations?

How does an architecture school have to be today?

How will we evolve the traditional teaching that is already more than 150 years old?

How can we teach the next generation of architects if we don’t even have a consensus on what architecture exactly is?

What effect will it have on children's growth if they have fewer opportunities to see other people's expressions?

Why is it necessary to study more than 4 or 5 years at a university to become an architect?

What tools are essential for architects during their university education today?

What can architectural education contribute to spawn citizens who are more responsible towards the environment and social developments?

What is the most important thing to teach architecture students?

¶ 7

What is the future of the biennale post-pandemic?

Is the biennale as a format still valid in 2021, at the age of digitalism and amidst a global pandemic?

In a post-pandemic world can the biennale be critically vital and influential rather than just a prestigious and expensive national show?

Why is the Venice Biennale so expensive and where does the money go?

What meaning do such global architecture events like the biennale have due to their ephemeral character?

How do you exhibit architecture?

How can the Venice Biennale be visited remotely?

Who should make exhibitions: historians, practitioners, researchers, curators?

What precedent will the Curators’ Collective set for future participations?

How should we collaborate?

Is a manifesto in the 21st century still relevant?

Can a manifesto of architecture be universal yet democratic?

What could possibly be the format of a collective manifesto?

The Glued Manifesto was collaged out of 208 questions by 36 participants from 12 national pavilions at the Venice Architecture Biennale 2021 (Brazil / Dominican Republic / Hungary / Japan / Korea / Kuwait / Peru / Philippines / Poland / Romania / Spain / United Arab Emirates) by Ryul Song and Christian Schweitzer.